Can IVF be performed without menstruation?

Undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) is not as easy as many imagine, and the associated physical and emotional challenges may be too great for some women to bear. So, can IVF be performed in the absence of menstruation?

Can IVF be performed without menstruation?

Whether a woman without menstruation can undergo IVF depends on the underlying cause of her amenorrhea. If amenorrhea results from menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), IVF using donor eggs may be an option to achieve pregnancy. However, if amenorrhea is due to severe uterine abnormalities—such as congenital absence of the uterus or a rudimentary uterus—IVF cannot lead to pregnancy, as a functional uterus is essential for embryo implantation and gestation.

IVF refers to a procedure in which fertilization occurs outside the body (in vitro), followed by embryo transfer into the mother’s uterus for subsequent development and growth. To perform IVF, mature oocytes are retrieved from a woman of reproductive age, combined with healthy sperm in a laboratory setting to achieve fertilization, and the resulting embryos are then transferred into the mother’s uterus. Thus, three essential components are required: mature oocytes, healthy sperm, and a healthy, receptive uterus.

The most common cause of amenorrhea in women is natural menopause. Typically, between ages 45 and 55, ovarian function gradually declines, follicular reserves diminish, no new follicles develop, and estrogen and progesterone secretion decreases—leading to failure of endometrial proliferation and ultimately menopause. Additionally, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) may also cause amenorrhea. For instance, women under age 40 may experience POI due to chromosomal abnormalities, environmental factors, prior ovarian surgery, or gonadotoxic treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy for malignancies. We hope this information has been helpful. Wishing you good health and happiness!