What does cervical screening test for?

Cervical screening is a common component of gynecological examinations. But what exactly does cervical screening involve?

What does cervical screening assess?

Cervical screening primarily aims to detect cervical cancer. Common cervical cancer screening methods include the following:

1. Cervical cytology (Pap smear) combined with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing;
2. Iodine staining test: After application of iodine solution, normal cervical epithelium stains brownish-yellow or brown. Areas that fail to stain may indicate pathological changes; biopsy sampling from these unstained regions can improve the diagnostic yield for cervical cancer;
3. Colposcopy and targeted biopsy of the cervix and endocervical canal. When cervical cytology or endocervical brushings are abnormal—or when high-risk HPV testing yields positive results—colposcopy is performed to visually examine the cervical surface for abnormalities, and biopsies are taken from suspicious areas.

Prior to screening, avoid vaginal douching or inserting vaginal medications. Also, refrain from sexual intercourse after menstruation has ended, as these activities may interfere with test accuracy. It is recommended that healthy women undergo annual cervical cancer screening to assess for high-risk HPV infection and cervical epithelial abnormalities. If epithelial lesions are detected, timely intervention is essential: low-grade lesions may be treated with laser ablation or cryotherapy, whereas high-grade lesions typically warrant cervical conization to reduce the risk of progression to invasive cervical cancer.

The optimal timing for cervical cancer screening is 3–7 days after the cessation of menstrual bleeding. During this window, cervical secretions are minimal, specimen quality is optimal, and visualization is clear—making it ideal for cervical screening. We hope this information proves helpful!