What Are the Adverse Reactions Following COVID-19 Vaccination, and How Can They Be Alleviated?

Various discomforts that occur after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine in clinical practice are termed “adverse reactions.” The most common adverse reactions include local pain, redness, and itching at the injection site, often accompanied by transient fever. The following measures may help alleviate these adverse reactions:

1. Local pain, itching, or swelling: Typically, no specific treatment is required; adequate rest is advised, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within 2–3 days. If necessary, initial application of cold compresses may be helpful; after two days, switch to warm compresses to promote resolution of redness and swelling.

2. Fever, myalgia, nausea, or vomiting: Rest appropriately and maintain a light diet. Antipyretic and analgesic medications such as ibuprofen may be used under medical guidance to relieve symptoms.

3. Signs of ulceration or infection at the injection site: Apply topical antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin ointment) promptly and seek medical evaluation at a hospital.

4. Individuals with known allergies who develop persistent high fever, allergic purpura, allergic rash, or even anaphylactic shock require immediate medical attention. Emergency management under physician supervision is essential to prevent life-threatening complications.