How is a vaginal discharge examination performed?
Aug 01, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Before conducting a vaginal discharge examination, a secretion sample must be collected. Typically, a speculum is used to open the vagina, and secretions are then collected from the posterior fornix. A smear is prepared for routine vaginal discharge testing. Routine vaginal discharge testing can be divided into standard (low-power) microscopic examination and high-power microscopic examination. Standard routine vaginal discharge testing is primarily performed clinically prior to procedures such as intrauterine device (IUD) insertion or removal, painless uterine curettage, or induced abortion—i.e., in asymptomatic patients.
In daily life, many women diagnosed with gynecological conditions require a vaginal discharge examination. So, how is this examination performed?
How Is a Vaginal Discharge Examination Performed?
Prior to the examination, a sample of vaginal secretions must be collected. Typically, a speculum is used to gently open the vagina, and secretions are then obtained from the posterior vaginal fornix. These samples are smeared onto glass slides for routine vaginal discharge testing. Routine vaginal discharge examinations fall into two categories: standard (low-power) microscopy and high-power microscopy. Standard routine examinations are commonly performed before clinical procedures such as intrauterine device (IUD) insertion or removal, painless uterine curettage, or induced abortion—particularly when patients are asymptomatic. In contrast, high-power microscopic examination is primarily indicated when patients report subjective symptoms or discomfort. Additionally, for unmarried women, secretions are collected using a sterile cotton swab at the vaginal introitus rather than via speculum insertion.
Normal vaginal discharge is typically white, thin, and either creamy or egg-white–like in consistency, odorless, and present in small amounts. A vaginal discharge examination can help identify various types of vaginitis. For example, trichomoniasis presents with thin, frothy, white discharge; candidiasis (yeast infection) is characterized by curd-like (cottage cheese–type) discharge; bacterial vaginosis typically produces grayish, fishy-smelling discharge; purulent discharge may indicate other bacterial infections; blood-tinged discharge may suggest malignancy; watery discharge may be associated with cervical or vaginal cancer; and the examination may also assess vaginal cleanliness grade.
In addition to vaginal discharge testing, comprehensive gynecological evaluation—including a series of diagnostic tests—is essential to accurately determine the nature and severity of the condition. Only after thorough assessment can an appropriate treatment plan be formulated. We hope this information has been helpful to you!
