What Causes Purple-Black Gums?

In daily life, many patients notice that their gums appear black—a sign that is not normal and thus causes considerable concern. This discoloration may result from oral ulcers, melanin deposition, or chronic periodontal disease. Patients should consult a dentist for a thorough examination of both teeth and gums. Treatment may involve medications, along with professional oral hygiene procedures to remove dental plaque and calculus. But what causes purple-black discoloration of the gums?

Causes of Purple-Black Gums

Purple-black discoloration of the gums may stem from poor oral hygiene, metal toxicity (e.g., lead poisoning), or even malignant melanoma. Neglecting oral hygiene can lead to darkening or purpling of the gums. Long-term habits such as smoking, chewing betel nut, or consuming strong tea or coffee may promote pigment deposition, resulting in darkened gums. Metal toxicity—particularly lead poisoning—is another possible cause, potentially arising from environmental exposure or ingestion of foods with high lead content. Moreover, certain oral malignancies—including malignant melanoma—cannot be ruled out; these conditions may present with pigmented patches or purple-black discoloration of the gums.

The treatment for blackened gums depends on the underlying cause. If dental calculus is responsible, professional scaling and polishing at a dental clinic are required to remove calculus and plaque. If gum discoloration results from dental caries, appropriate restorative treatment of the decayed tooth is necessary to prevent further damage to adjacent teeth. If the gingival margin appears darkened, gingivitis may be the cause; in such cases, consultation with a dental specialist is recommended.

In addition, patients should maintain good oral hygiene: brush teeth twice daily (morning and night) and rinse after meals. We hope this information proves helpful.