How is myopia and astigmatism measured during refraction?

With the emergence of various electronic devices, the most significant issue affecting today’s youth is declining vision—commonly known as myopia. Most individuals with myopia also experience astigmatism. So, how are myopia and astigmatism measured during refraction?

How Myopia and Astigmatism Are Measured During Refraction

The refraction process for myopia and astigmatism begins with a detailed patient history, focusing on visual symptoms, prior use of corrective lenses, and specific visual demands or goals. The second step involves automated (computerized) refraction, followed by fogging to relax accommodation. Once red–green balance and binocular balance are achieved, astigmatism can be accurately measured. Astigmatism arises from both congenital factors and acquired influences; prolonged improper eye use in daily life may contribute to its development.

Both astigmatism and myopia commonly cause reduced visual acuity. Optical correction is the primary means of improving corrected vision in such cases. Three main correction methods exist: First, spectacles—currently the most widely used and classic approach. Second, contact lenses—including soft and rigid gas-permeable (RGP) lenses. RGP lenses, also called “plastic corneal lenses,” have demonstrated efficacy in slowing myopia progression and are increasingly prescribed for adolescents. Third, surgical intervention may be considered after adulthood—such as corneal refractive surgery (e.g., LASIK) or intraocular refractive surgery. However, these procedures generally require stable refractive status for at least two years following age 18.

We recommend regularly performing eye exercises in daily life. After undergoing refractive surgery, it is essential to avoid eye strain and limit screen time on electronic devices. We hope this information proves helpful to you.