What Causes Black Gums?

　　Gingival discoloration typically results from bacterial biofilm formation on tooth surfaces or around the teeth. Various bacteria adhere to this biofilm, and thus the color of the gingiva is essentially determined by the pigments produced by these adherent microorganisms. So, what causes black discoloration of the gums?

　Causes of Black Discoloration of the Gums

　　Black discoloration of the gums may indicate heavy metal or non-metal poisoning. Lead poisoning is relatively common and can manifest as a “lead line”—a 1-mm-wide bluish-black band along the buccal gingiva between the anterior teeth and the first molars. Mercury poisoning may also cause similar discoloration, presenting as bluish or grayish-black linear deposits (also approximately 1 mm wide) on the gingiva. The gingiva of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth are particularly susceptible sites. Phosphorus poisoning may likewise result in a black gingival band.

　　Dental calculus (tartar), dental stains, and plaque firmly adhere to the surfaces of teeth and gums. The longer these deposits remain, the greater the pressure exerted on the gingiva and surrounding blood vessels. If the junction between the gingiva and periodontal tissues becomes compromised, gingivitis may develop—leading to symptoms such as gingival bleeding, halitosis (bad breath), and gingival darkening. It is recommended to undergo professional dental cleaning every six months to remove calculus, plaque, and other irritants. Additionally, oral supplementation with vitamin C and other vitamins can effectively help prevent gingival bleeding.

　　After brushing, ensure thorough and proper toothbrushing using correct techniques. Maintaining optimal oral hygiene in daily life and taking timely preventive measures against various oral diseases are essential. We hope this information proves helpful to you.