Are there any risks associated with breast biopsy?

A small sample of tumor tissue—or even individual tumor cells—is obtained via needle biopsy for histopathological or cytological examination. The puncture site is as tiny as a needle prick, rendering the procedure nearly non-invasive. So, what are the potential risks associated with breast biopsy?

What Are the Risks of Breast Biopsy?

The primary risk of breast biopsy arises because such procedures are typically performed on breast masses whose nature must be confirmed pathologically. If the mass is malignant, tumor cells may be inadvertently disseminated along the needle track during biopsy, potentially leading to local tumor cell spread. Therefore, if pathology results confirm malignancy, prompt surgical intervention is recommended to minimize the risk of tumor cell dissemination within the biopsy tract.

Breast biopsy itself is an invasive procedure and may cause post-procedural bleeding, resulting in a hematoma at the puncture site. Close observation is required after the procedure; if active bleeding occurs, direct pressure or other measures can be applied to reduce the likelihood of hematoma formation.

Breast biopsy may lead to bleeding at the puncture site, causing subcutaneous ecchymosis or bruising. Local infection at the puncture site is also possible. Prior to biopsy, local anesthesia is administered; however, allergic reactions to the anesthetic agent may occur. Excessive needle depth or inadvertent injury to adjacent structures may result in pleuritis or pneumothorax. The most concerning—but exceedingly rare—risk is tumor seeding or metastasis at the biopsy site. When weighing the benefits and risks of breast biopsy in women, a comprehensive assessment is essential; risks alone should not be considered in isolation. We hope this article has been helpful. Wishing you a joyful life and good health!