What Causes a Small Uterus?

If the uterus is merely small in size without any other abnormal symptoms, it generally does not adversely affect overall health. However, a smaller-than-normal uterus may increase the risk of threatened miscarriage. Therefore, patients should first identify the underlying cause of uterine hypoplasia. So, what causes a small uterus?

What Causes a Small Uterus?

A small uterus is medically termed “uterine hypoplasia” or “underdeveloped uterus.” This condition typically results from endocrine dysfunction. Ovarian dysfunction—particularly insufficient estrogen secretion—is the primary cause of uterine underdevelopment, leading to a smaller-than-normal uterus. Additionally, women with uterine hypoplasia often experience incomplete ovulation and luteal phase insufficiency. Treatment focuses on identifying the root cause of uterine underdevelopment and restoring ovarian function—commonly via ovulation induction—to normalize estrogen production and thereby stimulate uterine growth and development.

If uterine hypoplasia is present without other associated abnormalities, it usually has minimal impact on general health; affected individuals can typically conceive naturally and maintain normal sexual function. However, please note that uterine hypoplasia may predispose to threatened miscarriage, and during late pregnancy, complications such as placental abruption (ICD-10 code: O45.9) may occur. Regular prenatal check-ups at a hospital are therefore essential to mitigate such risks. Moreover, uterine hypoplasia is commonly caused by congenital uterine underdevelopment and/or endocrine disorders, which may not only impair fertility but also disrupt hormonal balance. Additional associated conditions may include ovarian hypoplasia and other related endocrinopathies.

We hope this article has been helpful to you!