What does earwax (cerumen) in the ear mean?

　　Cerumen, commonly known as earwax, is a natural substance found in the ear.

　　The skin and mucosa of the external auditory canal contain specialized glands called ceruminous glands. Under normal circumstances, these glands are present throughout the ear canal; thus, cerumen is routinely produced. Normally, cerumen can naturally migrate out of the ear canal through jaw movements (e.g., chewing) and physical activity. However, if ceruminous gland secretion is excessive and the cerumen becomes particularly viscous—rather than dry and flaky—it may not self-extrude effectively. If left unmanaged, accumulated cerumen can lead to cerumen impaction, resulting in hearing loss and, occasionally, tinnitus. Moreover, water entering the ear canal may predispose the patient to infection of the external auditory canal mucosa. Therefore, when cerumen accumulates, timely and appropriate removal is essential. It is important to avoid blind or forceful attempts at removal, which may cause injury or other adverse effects to the ear.

　　Patients should seek professional care at a hospital, where an otolaryngologist can safely remove excessive cerumen under otoscopic guidance. This approach helps prevent complications such as external otitis or otitis media.