Why does my gums bleed when I brush my teeth?

Today, people pay increasing attention to oral health and brush their teeth diligently every morning and evening. However, many individuals experience gum bleeding during brushing—even after switching toothbrushes and toothpaste, the bleeding persists. This often triggers significant concern about potentially serious underlying diseases. So, what causes gum bleeding while brushing?

What Causes Gum Bleeding During Brushing?

Gum bleeding during brushing may result from vitamin C deficiency, but it is more commonly associated with dental conditions such as gingivitis or periodontitis, or caused by cervical dental calculus (tartar) and dental caries. Additionally, certain systemic diseases—including hypertension, hemophilia, and other blood disorders—can also lead to gum bleeding. Prolonged deficiencies in vitamin C and trace elements may likewise contribute to this symptom. In such cases, consuming vitamin C–rich foods—such as kiwifruit and grapefruit—is recommended. When necessary, vitamin C supplements may be taken to support adequate intake.

If gum bleeding occurs during brushing, prompt evaluation and treatment are essential. Initially, blood tests—including a complete blood count (CBC), platelet count, bleeding time, clotting time, and thrombus retraction time—should be performed to rule out hematologic disorders. If blood test results are normal, a visit to a dental clinic for professional scaling (calculus removal) is advised. Gum bleeding is primarily a sign of gingivitis; dental calculus and plaque irritate the gums, causing swelling and bleeding. Therefore, supragingival calculus and shallow subgingival calculus located within the gingival sulcus must be removed. Following the procedure, a mild iodine solution—commonly iodine glycerin—may be applied topically to the gingival sulcus.

After scaling, maintaining optimal oral hygiene is crucial. Learning and consistently applying proper brushing techniques helps prevent plaque accumulation and reduces calculus formation. We hope this information proves helpful to you.