What Causes Rectal Bleeding?

People who sit for prolonged periods frequently may develop constipation, and may experience rectal bleeding during defecation—sometimes in small amounts, and at other times as a sudden, heavy flow. This understandably causes significant concern. Generally, rectal bleeding stems from anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures. So, what exactly is rectal bleeding?

What Is Rectal Bleeding?

Rectal bleeding refers to blood emerging from the anus during bowel movements, typically appearing bright red. It may be accompanied by pain or prolapse. Common underlying causes include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colorectal polyps, colorectal tumors, and proctitis. Hemorrhoids—especially internal hemorrhoids—are a frequent cause of rectal bleeding. Patients often experience painless bleeding, such as dripping blood after defecation, blood on toilet paper, or blood coating the surface of stool. In cases of anal fissure, bright red blood adheres to the stool surface and is usually associated with anal pain. Patients with rectal polyps may notice blood dripping during bowel movements or blood streaking the stool surface, typically without pain.

If rectal bleeding is accompanied by anal pain, an anal fissure should be considered—particularly in patients with a history of constipation. In early-stage fissures, conservative management is recommended, including topical ointment application. If ointment therapy proves ineffective, surgical options—such as internal anal sphincterotomy—may be considered to relieve sphincter spasm, thereby alleviating tearing pain and bleeding secondary to constipation. Conversely, painless rectal bleeding is typically attributable to internal hemorrhoids.

Patients are advised to maintain warmth, consume light and easily digestible foods in daily life, and ensure regular, smooth bowel movements. Regular outdoor physical activity is also encouraged to enhance overall physical fitness. We hope this information proves helpful.