What Causes Dyshidrotic Eczema on the Hands?

When numerous small blisters suddenly appear on the palms and fingers, rupture to release sticky fluid, and are accompanied over time by itching, burning, dry skin, and scaling, dyshidrotic eczema (also known as pompholyx) is likely present. This condition frequently recurs—often resolving spontaneously in winter but worsening during summer. So, what causes dyshidrotic eczema on the hands?

Causes of Dyshidrotic Eczema on the Hands

The primary triggers of dyshidrotic eczema are allergic reactions and psychological factors—for instance, allergies to metals such as nickel and chromium. Regular consumption of foods rich in nickel or chromium may provoke an allergic response leading to dyshidrotic eczema; similarly, emotional stress and depression can also contribute to its development. Additionally, fungal or bacterial infections, impaired sweat excretion, and gastrointestinal dysfunction may all precipitate dyshidrotic eczema. Many patients with this condition exhibit hypersensitivity to nickel, chromium, and other metals. Psychological factors also play a significant role: prolonged mental tension may trigger dyshidrotic eczema. Moreover, chronic overtime work, excessive fatigue, and persistent low mood may disrupt autonomic nervous system function, thereby contributing to disease onset.

Dyshidrotic eczema shares some association with tinea manuum and tinea pedis (hand and foot ringworm), both of which involve fungal infection. When fungi proliferate excessively on the skin of the hands or feet, an inflammatory rash may develop, potentially triggering dyshidrotic eczema. Excessive sweating and impaired sweat excretion are closely linked to the onset of this condition. Summer represents the peak season for dyshidrotic eczema due to high ambient temperatures and increased perspiration. Poor personal hygiene—particularly when it leads to clogged pores—can hinder normal sweat elimination. Accumulation of sweat beneath the skin may thus result in dyshidrotic eczema. Similarly, prolonged exposure to hot, humid, and poorly ventilated environments can impair sweat excretion and predispose individuals to dyshidrotic eczema.

During active disease, patients should avoid spicy, pungent, fried, and other highly irritating foods; smoking and alcohol consumption must also be avoided. Maintaining a light, bland diet is strongly recommended. We hope this information proves helpful to you.