Why does the skull of a child with hydrocephalus present as such?

The skull of a child with hydrocephalus may show progressive enlargement. Specifically:

Hydrocephalus is usually caused by factors such as intracranial hemorrhage or infection, leading to impaired circulation or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), resulting in excessive accumulation of fluid within the brain's ventricles. This condition often leads to increased intracranial pressure. In children, whose skull bones have not yet fused, the head may rapidly enlarge, resulting in a characteristic appearance including an enlarged head, protruding upper jaw, small facial features, pointed chin, and thin skull bones. In adults or adolescents, hydrocephalus may present with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, difficulty walking, urinary or fecal incontinence, drowsiness, and headaches.

If left untreated, hydrocephalus may lead to elevated intracranial pressure and subsequent brain damage. Treatment is primarily surgical, commonly involving shunt placement or neuroendoscopic procedures. Although hydrocephalus cannot be effectively prevented, proactive prevention of infectious diseases during pregnancy and regular prenatal check-ups can help reduce the risk of developing the condition to some extent.