What are the common complications after ventriculostomy drainage surgery?

Common complications following ventricular puncture and drainage surgery include increased intracranial pressure, intracranial infection, subdural or epidural hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

1. Increased Intracranial Pressure

During the procedure of ventricular puncture and drainage, improper manipulation may cause a sudden drop in cerebrospinal fluid pressure, leading to elevated intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, and even brain herniation, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.

2. Intracranial Infection

During ventricular puncture and drainage, if the puncture site is not properly disinfected, if cleanliness and dryness of the site are not maintained, or if dressing changes are not performed on schedule after surgery, bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens may enter the body and cause intracranial infection.

3. Subdural, Epidural, or Intraventricular Hemorrhage

During ventricular puncture and drainage, if the needle accidentally injures a large blood vessel, or if the lesion itself consists mainly of abnormal vessels, or if there is severe congestion and necrosis within the lesion creating a pathological basis for bleeding, it may result in subdural, epidural, or intraventricular hemorrhage.