What causes pain on the left side of the abdomen?

Left-sided abdominal pain is usually caused by conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, or left kidney stones.

1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome is currently unclear, but it may be related to gastrointestinal motility disorders, excessive mental stress, or abnormal visceral sensitivity. This condition can cause localized or diffuse abdominal pain in patients. When it occurs on the left side of the abdomen, it typically results in left-sided abdominal pain.

2. Colitis

Colitis, an inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, may result from low immunity, improper diet, or pathogen infection, leading to left-sided abdominal pain. Since the colon is primarily located in the lower left abdomen, pain associated with colitis is often localized in this area.

3. Left Kidney Stones

Left-sided abdominal pain may also be due to kidney stones forming in the left kidney, caused by factors such as lack of physical activity, dietary habits, or nutritional deficiencies. When excessive crystalline substances accumulate in the left kidney and form relatively large stones or when stones shift position, they can irritate the renal mucosa and cause pain.