How to check for jaundice in newborns

Jaundice refers to a disorder in bilirubin metabolism that causes elevated serum bilirubin levels, resulting in yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes. In newborns, jaundice is primarily detected through methods such as visual examination of the skin, blood tests for bilirubin, Coombs test (antihuman globulin test), liver function tests, and ultrasound examinations.

1. Skin observation

The color of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera can be visually inspected. If they appear yellow or yellow-green, jaundice may be initially suspected.

2. Blood bilirubin test

This involves drawing blood to measure serum bilirubin levels and is a relatively accurate method for determining the type and severity of jaundice. If bilirubin levels exceed the normal range, jaundice can be confirmed.

3. Antihuman globulin test (Coombs test)

If antigens on red blood cells interact with antibodies in the bloodstream, it may lead to red blood cell destruction and result in hemolytic jaundice. Performing the antihuman globulin test helps detect antibodies in the blood and rule out hemolytic jaundice.

4. Liver function tests

Bilirubin is mainly processed and excreted by the liver. Therefore, abnormal liver function may lead to excessive bilirubin production or metabolic disturbances causing jaundice. Liver function tests help exclude jaundice caused by liver dysfunction.

5. Ultrasound examination

Ultrasound imaging helps evaluate the structure and function of the liver, observe bile flow, and assist in ruling out jaundice caused by liver disease or biliary tract disorders.

Once jaundice appears, it is important to be vigilant. It is recommended to seek medical attention at a hospital and receive standardized treatment under a doctor's guidance to prevent disease progression and serious health consequences.