Why does spinal cord injury lead to paralysis?

Spinal cord injury is usually caused by various factors leading to temporary or permanent impairment of spinal cord function. Depending on the location of the injury, symptoms may vary and can include quadriplegia, paraplegia, or incomplete paralysis of the lower limbs.

The spine protects the spinal cord; however, when bones fracture or become dislocated, the spine can be damaged. Injury to neurons within the spinal cord may result in loss of sensation or impaired muscle movement. Parts of the body below the level of spinal injury may become paralyzed, accompanied by reduced or complete loss of sensation. The closer the injury site is to the head, the more extensive the damage to the body. Spinal cord injuries are mainly classified into cervical spinal cord injury, thoracic spinal cord injury, lumbar spinal cord and conus medullaris injury, and cauda equina syndrome. In case of such injuries, untrained individuals should not move the patient; instead, emergency medical services (dial 120) should be called immediately for hospital transport and treatment. Treatment options may include medications such as Compound Reserpine Tablets or Nimodipine Tablets as prescribed, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, or surgical intervention.

Patients with spinal cord injuries should develop healthy daily dietary habits, consuming plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and high-protein foods. They should avoid foods that are excessively salty, oily, too cold, or too hot. To prevent pressure ulcers from prolonged bed rest, they should wear loose, cotton clothing.