Can expired cod liver oil be consumed?

Generally, expired fish liver oil should not be consumed, as taking it may have adverse effects on human health.

When fish liver oil is stored for a prolonged period and expires, its main components—vitamins A and D—undergo oxidation-reduction reactions, leading to the loss of active ingredients and the development of an unusual odor, thereby diminishing its intended therapeutic effects. Moreover, long-stored fish liver oil is prone to bacterial growth and mold. Consuming expired fish liver oil may cause symptoms such as diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and vomiting; in severe cases, it can lead to acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, expired fish liver oil should no longer be used.

It is recommended that fish liver oil be taken according to individual needs and under medical guidance. Blind consumption without actual deficiency may result in adverse effects. Excessive intake of fish liver oil can also cause gastrointestinal discomfort, reduced appetite, and in serious cases, poisoning. Individuals with seafood allergies, impaired liver function, liver disease, or those with weak constitutions should use fish liver oil cautiously.