What does it mean when a newborn's testicle is enlarged?

Enlarged testicles in newborns may be caused by physiological factors, congenital hydrocele, orchitis, indirect inguinal hernia, or testicular cysts.

1. Physiological Factors

Due to individual differences in testicular development, the size of testicles varies among newborns. Some infants are naturally born with larger testes. If there are no other adverse symptoms or pain, this is generally considered normal and does not require special treatment.

2. Congenital Hydrocele

In newborns, the scrotum is connected to the abdominal cavity. Excessive crying or physical activity can increase intra-abdominal pressure, causing fluid from the abdominal cavity to flow into the scrotum, resulting in enlarged testicles. This may be accompanied by sensations of heaviness or pulling in the lower abdomen. Small amounts of fluid accumulation usually resolve spontaneously without intervention. However, if the fluid buildup is significant and causes local compression, timely medical treatment such as needle aspiration at a hospital is necessary to relieve symptoms.

3. Orchitis (Testicular Inflammation)

Newborns have relatively weak immune systems. Without proper local care, the testicles may become infected by pathogens. Under inflammatory stimulation, the scrotum and testicles may enlarge and be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, redness, and swelling. It is recommended to take anti-inflammatory medications such as cefaclor granules, amoxicillin granules, or cephalexin granules under a doctor's guidance.

4. Indirect Inguinal Hernia

If the processus vaginalis (peritoneal duct) fails to close completely after birth, abdominal contents such as omentum or intestines may pass through this opening into the scrotum, causing enlargement of the scrotum and testicles. This may also cause local burning sensation and cyanosis of the skin. It is recommended to seek medical attention and consider surgical treatments such as laparoscopic hernia repair or inguinal canal wall repair to alleviate symptoms.

5. Testicular Cyst

When a cyst develops within the testicle, it contains fluid. As the cyst grows or fills with fluid, it occupies space within the testicle, leading to enlargement of the epididymis and testicular area. Surgical removal of the cyst at a hospital is recommended to improve symptoms.

When a newborn presents with enlarged testicles, prompt medical evaluation is essential. Self-medication should be avoided to prevent potential adverse effects on the infant’s growth and development.