Video of minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia

Cryptorchidism may be caused by endocrine abnormalities, abnormal gubernacular development of the testis, anatomical abnormalities, congenital inguinal hernia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or other similar factors. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention and follow a doctor's guidance for treatment options such as hormone therapy, surgical intervention, or medication. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to harmful substances to reduce the risk of fetal developmental abnormalities.

Abdominal wall hernias are generally classified into inguinal hernia, femoral hernia, umbilical hernia, incisional hernia, and epigastric hernia. Clinical symptoms typically include local swelling, pain, indigestion, intestinal obstruction, and systemic toxic symptoms. Inguinal hernia is the most common type and is divided into indirect and direct hernias. An indirect hernia protrudes through the inguinal canal and may extend into the scrotum, whereas a direct hernia emerges through the direct hernia triangle (Hesselbach's triangle) and does not enter the scrotum. The swelling is more prominent when standing.

In general, indirect and direct inguinal hernias are both common types of hernia in the inguinal region. They can be differentiated based on factors such as age of onset, pathway of protrusion, shape of the hernia mass, reducibility, and risk of incarceration. Distinguishing between the two is helpful in selecting an appropriate treatment strategy. For both indirect and direct inguinal hernias, surgical repair of the weakened abdominal wall is recommended as soon as possible after diagnosis.

In general, the duration of inguinal hernia surgery depends on the surgical approach. Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery typically takes 30–60 minutes, while traditional open surgery usually requires 40–90 minutes. The exact duration may vary depending on the complexity of the condition. After surgery, it is important to keep the incision clean and avoid activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure—such as vigorous coughing or straining during bowel movements—to prevent mesh displacement or hernia recurrence.

The common causes of inguinal hernia in young women generally include congenital weakness in abdominal wall development, chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure, pregnancy and childbirth, obesity or rapid weight loss, as well as abdominal wall injuries or prior surgical history. Some girls are born with underdeveloped abdominal muscles, fascia, and other tissues, resulting in weak areas. As they grow older, changes in intra-abdominal pressure can easily cause abdominal organs such as the small intestine to protrude through these weak spots.

In general, pediatric inguinal hernia is one of the common conditions encountered in pediatric surgery. It occurs when the processus vaginalis fails to close properly during embryonic development, allowing abdominal tissues or organs to pass through the patent inguinal canal into the scrotum or labia majora, forming a protruding mass. In daily care, prolonged and intense crying in infants should be avoided as much as possible to prevent excessive increases in intra-abdominal pressure.

In general, inflammation in the groin area may be caused by frequent local friction, inadequate hygiene, inguinal lymphadenitis, groin eczema, or incarcerated inguinal hernia. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under a doctor's guidance. In daily life, avoid prolonged sitting, get up and move around regularly, and reduce pressure on the groin area.

Children's inguinal hernia is associated with factors such as physiological development and overall health. Children at higher risk include premature infants, low-birth-weight infants, boys, those with a family history of hernias, those with chronically increased abdominal pressure, and those with congenital abnormalities in abdominal wall development. Parents of children at higher risk should carefully monitor the groin area for any abnormal bulges.