What diseases are caused by heavy metals?

Diseases caused by heavy metals include lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, arsenic poisoning, cadmium poisoning, and chromium poisoning.

1. Lead Poisoning

Lead, a heavy metal, can cause lead poisoning. When individuals are exposed to substances with high lead content—such as lead-based paint, welding fumes, or lead-containing medications—it can impair normal nerve cell function and interfere with neural transmission in the brain. This may result in symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and bone pain.

2. Mercury Poisoning

Mercury is a harmful heavy metal, primarily entering the body through inhalation of mercury vapor, mercury compounds, or dust. Once absorbed, mercury enters the bloodstream and accumulates in the kidneys and other organs, adversely affecting the cardiovascular system and skin. Symptoms may include arrhythmia, eczema, and muscle tremors.

3. Arsenic Poisoning

Most cases of arsenic poisoning occur due to ingestion of food containing arsenic, especially seafood, rice, and other agricultural products with high arsenic concentrations. Once inside the body, arsenic interferes with cellular metabolic processes, damages DNA and cell membranes, and causes cellular injury, leading to severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and lethargy.

4. Cadmium Poisoning

Ingestion of cadmium-contaminated food, such as tobacco or rice, or drinking polluted water containing cadmium allows cadmium to be absorbed into the bloodstream. It then spreads throughout the body, reaching various organs and tissues. Cadmium damages cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids, potentially causing reduced urine output, severe abdominal pain, and muscle spasms.

5. Chromium Poisoning

Inhalation of chromium dust or consumption of chromium-contaminated food can damage cellular DNA, leading to DNA injury and mutations. Children may be particularly sensitive to chromium poisoning, showing symptoms such as delayed development, intellectual disability, and learning difficulties.

Heavy metal poisoning is mostly caused by exposure through food, contaminated water sources, or environmental factors. If heavy metal poisoning is suspected, individuals should promptly seek medical attention. Treatment should be carried out under medical supervision based on individual conditions. Self-medication should be avoided to prevent delays in proper treatment.