What causes red, swollen eyes with excessive discharge?

Redness, swelling, and excessive eye discharge may result from either physiological or pathological factors, such as allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, or blepharitis. Appropriate management should be chosen based on the underlying cause.

I. Physiological Factors

If one frequently stays up late, consumes large amounts of spicy or irritating foods, or often rubs the eyes, redness, swelling, and eye discharge may occur. It is recommended to ensure adequate sleep, maintain a light diet, and practice good eye hygiene.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Allergic Conjunctivitis

Exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander can trigger allergic conjunctivitis, typically causing eye redness, swelling, and increased discharge. Treatment may include antiallergic eye drops such as epinastine fumarate ophthalmic solution or levocabastine hydrochloride eye drops, used as directed by a physician.

2. Keratitis

Keratitis may develop due to eye injury or infection with pathogenic microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Chlamydia, commonly presenting with redness, swelling, and excessive discharge. Medications such as olopatadine hydrochloride eye drops or acyclovir eye drops may be prescribed by a doctor for treatment.

3. Blepharitis

Poor eye hygiene or infections such as Staphylococcus aureus can lead to blepharitis, which may also cause redness, swelling, and increased eye discharge. Treatment may include antibiotic eye ointments such as chlortetracycline ointment or erythromycin eye ointment, applied as directed by a healthcare provider.

In addition, bacterial conjunctivitis and viral conjunctivitis may also cause redness and excessive discharge. Medical treatment under a doctor's guidance is recommended.