Risks of high prolactin levels
Dec 29, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Man
Introduction
The severity of harm associated with elevated prolactin levels depends on the underlying cause of the increase. Pathologically high prolactin, possibly due to a prolactinoma, has a degree of risk related to the size of the tumor. Such adenomas can cause galactorrhea and amenorrhea—cessation of menstruation. If caused by a prolactinoma, the elevated prolactin and tumor growth may compress the optic chiasm, leading to vision loss and visual field defects.
Many women know that elevated prolactin levels in the body can have certain health impacts. So what are the dangers of high prolactin?
Dangers of High Prolactin Levels
The severity of harm caused by high prolactin levels depends on the underlying cause of the elevation. Elevated prolactin due to pathological reasons may be caused by a prolactinoma, and the degree of harm is related to the size of the tumor. Such adenomas can lead to amenorrhea and galactorrhea, resulting in cessation of menstruation. If caused by a prolactinoma, the tumor may compress the optic chiasm, leading to vision loss or visual field defects.
Elevated prolactin levels may also result from medication use. For example, long-term use of antipsychotic drugs can lead to drug-induced increases in prolactin. Physiological factors can also raise prolactin levels—such as during lactation—leading to suppressed estrogen secretion, gradual loss of female characteristics, infertility, and absence of menstruation, which over time may result in osteoporosis. Elevated prolactin, also known as hyperprolactinemia, has a normal reference range of 0–25 ng/mL; levels above 25 ng/mL are considered hyperprolactinemia. Increased prolactin disrupts the menstrual cycle, causing irregular or unpredictable periods, and can impair fertility, thus requiring treatment. When prolactin elevation is not severe—between 25 and 100 ng/mL—drug therapy is typically recommended. Bromocriptine is commonly used for pharmacological treatment, with satisfactory efficacy, and can be taken continuously. Once prolactin levels decrease, menstrual cycles usually resume.
When high prolactin levels occur, close monitoring based on the underlying cause is necessary. We hope this article has been helpful to you. Wishing you good health and happiness!
