Reasons why the egg and sperm do not combine in test tube fertilization

Failure of the sperm and egg to combine during in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be caused by factors such as low sperm motility, anti-sperm antibodies, or abnormal uterine environment. It is recommended that both partners promptly visit a hospital for further evaluation and diagnosis.

1. Low Sperm Motility

After retrieving sperm and eggs, they are placed together in a culture dish to allow natural fertilization. If the male's sperm have poor motility or are even non-viable—only capable of local movement—they cannot reach and fuse with the egg, resulting in failed fertilization during IVF.

2. Anti-Sperm Antibodies

Some women have a unique constitution characterized by the presence of anti-sperm antibodies. In these cases, sperm and seminal fluid from the male partner act as specific antigens. Upon entering the bloodstream, they may trigger an immune response, leading to antibody production that interferes with sperm-egg binding.

3. Abnormal Uterine Environment

If a woman has undergone multiple abortions, it may lead to abnormalities in the uterine environment, which can prevent sperm and egg from combining and ultimately result in IVF failure.

In addition, other possible causes include fallopian tube abnormalities or egg quality issues. It is advisable to seek timely medical consultation at a hospital.