The parietal bone belongs to what type of bone?

Feb 16, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Guan Yanlei

Introduction

The skull vault refers to the structure formed by the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones, primarily composed of the parietal bones, exhibiting a vault-like shape. The bones of the skull vault develop through intramembranous ossification during embryonic development. In some individuals, complete ossification has not yet occurred at birth, and membranous structures remain at certain sites, such as the anterior fontanelle and posterior fontanelle. It is important to maintain good daily habits, pay attention to dietary health, and adhere to a routine of going to bed early and rising early.

The skull vault bones are flat bones and normally develop through intramembranous ossification during embryonic development.

The skull vault refers to the structure formed by the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones, primarily consisting of the parietal bones, which create a dome-like shape. The skull vault bones undergo intramembranous ossification during embryonic development. In some individuals, complete ossification has not yet occurred at birth, with membranous structures still present in certain areas, such as the anterior and posterior fontanelles. All bones of the skull vault are classified as flat bones: the frontal bone is located anteriorly, the occipital bone posteriorly, and the left and right parietal bones lie between the frontal and occipital bones. These bones are joined together by cranial sutures. In adults, the average thickness of the skull vault is approximately 0.5 cm, reaching up to 1 cm in the thickest regions, while the thinnest area, located in the temporal region, measures only about 0.2 cm.

It is important to maintain healthy daily habits, pay attention to dietary health, go to bed early and rise early, exercise regularly, and take proper protective measures when going outdoors to avoid head injuries.

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How many parietal bones are there?

Anterior to the parietal bone is the frontal bone, and posterior to it is the occipital bone. Between the frontal and occipital bones lie the left and right parietal bones. Severe trauma may extend into the base of the skull. If the fracture extends to the skull base, it indicates a more serious injury, and intracranial complications must be evaluated. If there are intracranial problems, hospitalization is required. Avoid additional trauma or injuries such as new external injuries and infections.

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Is the skull a single, whole bone?

The skull is one of the most complex parts of the human skeletal system and is located at the anterior portion of the axial skeleton. Generally, the human skull is not a single bone but is primarily divided into the neurocranium and the viscerocranium. The cranial cavity is formed by eight bones: the frontal bone, two parietal bones, the sphenoid bone, the occipital bone, among others. The facial skeleton, which forms the oral and nasal cavities, consists of fifteen bones including the zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, maxillae, and mandible. In total, the skull is mainly composed of 23 bones.

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How much smaller than normal must the biparietal diameter be to be considered abnormal?

Generally speaking, there is no specific definition of how small the biparietal diameter (BPD) must be to indicate fetal malformation, and BPD alone cannot diagnose fetal abnormalities. The biparietal diameter refers to the distance between the two parietal bones of the fetus. Typically, BPD is used to assess fetal development, fetal size, and whether vaginal delivery is feasible. In early pregnancy, the normal range for BPD is usually 2.0–2.7 cm.

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Normal biparietal diameter (BPD) at 38 weeks of gestation

After 38 weeks of gestation, a fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) of approximately 9.08 ± 0.59 cm is considered normal. The BPD refers clinically to the maximum transverse diameter of the fetal head—i.e., the distance between the two parietal bones—and is also known as the “major head diameter.” As gestational age progresses, the BPD gradually increases. A BPD exceeding 8.5 cm after 38 weeks’ gestation is within the normal range.

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Where is the temple located?

The temple is located at the junction of the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones of the skull, extending upward from the outer edge of the eye. The anatomical structure of the temple region includes the skin, subcutaneous tissue, temporalis muscle, temporal fascia, the squamous part of the temporal bone, and the blood vessels and nerves passing through this area. The blood vessels in this region include the superficial temporal artery, and the nerves include branches of the trigeminal nerve.

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What does it mean when the biparietal diameter is small?

Biparietal diameter (BPD) refers to the distance between the two parietal bones of the fetal head prior to birth, specifically the measurement from one side of the skull to the other. The biparietal diameter is one of the common ultrasound indicators used during pregnancy, typically employed to assess fetal head size and obtained through ultrasonic measurement. When a doctor finds a small biparietal diameter, it indicates that the fetal head is relatively small in size.

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Where is the left parietal bone located?

The left parietal bone is located in the middle of the skull roof between the frontal and occipital bones, adjacent to the left frontal bone and left occipital bone. Internally, it surrounds the brain along with associated cranial nerves, blood vessels, and other structures, providing cushioning and shock-absorbing protective functions. If the skull suffers traumatic force resulting in fractures or exposure of brain tissue, prompt medical treatment at a hospital's orthopedic or emergency department is essential to prevent serious complications.

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Can you have a vaginal delivery with a biparietal diameter of 91 cm?

Under normal circumstances, a fetal biparietal diameter of 9.1 cm allows for vaginal delivery. The biparietal diameter refers to the widest distance between the two parietal bones of the fetal skull and is commonly used to assess the size of the fetal head. Clinically, measuring the biparietal diameter helps doctors evaluate fetal growth and development, as well as predict the mode of delivery. The final decision on the delivery method should be made by the physician based on the individual circumstances of the pregnant woman.

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