Does gallbladder adenomyosis measuring 1.6–0.9 cm require surgery?

Gallbladder adenomyosis measuring 1.6–0.9 cm can be monitored regularly if asymptomatic; however, surgical removal may be considered if there is rapid growth over a short period.

Gallbladder adenomyosis is a benign gallbladder condition characterized by hyperplasia of the glandular tissue and muscular layer. It belongs to gallbladder proliferative diseases and mainly presents as chronic proliferation accompanied by degenerative changes. Most cases are benign, although some may be malignant.

Non-contractile gallbladder adenomyosis with a diameter less than 1 cm is generally benign and typically does not require treatment—only close monitoring. However, patients with adenomyosis larger than 1 cm or those showing rapid enlargement over a short time may have an increased risk of malignant transformation and may be advised to undergo surgery under medical guidance. When the lesion exceeds 2 cm in diameter, the probability of malignancy is significantly higher. In such cases, intraoperative frozen section analysis should be performed promptly. If malignancy is confirmed, lymph node dissection is required, and treatment should follow the protocol for malignant gallbladder disease. Therefore, for patients with gallbladder adenomyosis measuring 1.6–0.9 cm who show rapid growth within a short period, laparoscopic minimally invasive cholecystectomy may be recommended under medical advice.

It is recommended to maintain a light diet, undergo ultrasound examination every six months to monitor changes in the lesion, and follow appropriate management strategies as guided by a physician.