What are the nursing diagnoses for bronchial asthma?

Generally, nursing measures for bronchial asthma include avoiding allergens, maintaining balanced nutrition, keeping emotional stability, medication therapy, and regular follow-ups. Diagnostic methods include physical examination, allergy testing, bronchial provocation tests, pulmonary function tests, and sputum analysis. The details are as follows:

I. Nursing Measures

1. Avoid Allergens
Bronchial asthma can be triggered by allergic reactions. Patients with allergic constitutions should avoid known allergens to prevent recurrent episodes.

2. Maintain Balanced Nutrition
Long-term deficiency of nutrients such as magnesium, zinc, and calcium may trigger or worsen the severity of bronchial asthma symptoms. Therefore, patients should ensure a balanced daily diet.

3. Maintain Emotional Stability
Conditions such as anxiety, irritability, and depression may induce asthma attacks. If such negative emotions occur, timely adjustment is necessary.

4. Medication Therapy
Under medical guidance, patients may use medications such as budesonide inhalation powder or beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation aerosol to reduce inflammation and bronchospasm, thereby helping to relieve symptoms.

5. Regular Follow-up
Patients should undergo regular medical follow-ups to monitor asthma progression and adjust treatment plans accordingly, which helps detect and manage potential issues early.

II. Diagnostic Methods

1. Physical Examination
Bronchial asthma is commonly associated with frequent or chronic shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. Lung auscultation often reveals abnormal findings such as moist rales or crackling sounds.

2. Allergy Testing
Allergy testing can determine whether a patient is sensitive to specific allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Identifying triggers helps in developing personalized treatment plans.

3. Bronchial Provocation Test
Patients with this condition typically show a positive result in this test.

4. Pulmonary Function Test
If the disease is not promptly controlled and treated, it can easily impair lung function, leading to abnormalities such as reduced vital capacity and decreased total lung capacity.

5. Sputum Analysis
Sputum analysis helps physicians identify the presence of bronchial inflammation and rule out other respiratory diseases. Sputum culture may also be used to detect bacterial infections.

If symptoms are severe, prompt medical attention is recommended to avoid delays in treatment. It is advisable to maintain healthy lifestyle habits and avoid spicy or irritating foods, which may hinder recovery.