How is the hepatitis B vaccine booster administered?

Hepatitis B vaccination is administered in three doses—at 0 months, 1 month, and 6 months—each dose containing 10 μg of vaccine. For other high-risk populations—including patients undergoing renal dialysis and individuals with occupational exposure to hepatitis B—the dose per injection may be increased to 30 μg.

After receiving the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine, approximately 30% of individuals develop detectable antibodies; however, antibody levels in some individuals are unstable, necessitating additional doses for reinforcement. After the second dose, about 90% of recipients develop protective antibodies against hepatitis B. Following the third dose, the seroconversion (antibody-positive) rate reaches over 96%.

Therefore, administering booster doses enhances the antibody seroconversion rate and helps sustain protective antibody levels at a consistently high level. Accordingly, the standard hepatitis B vaccination schedule consists of three injections administered at 0 months, 1 month, and 6 months, respectively.