What are the nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions for asthma?

Asthma generally refers to bronchial asthma. Diagnostic methods for bronchial asthma include physical examination, bronchial provocation tests, and allergen testing. Nursing measures include emotional stabilization, avoidance of allergens, and maintaining balanced nutrition.

I. Diagnostic Methods

1. Physical Examination

The primary physician conducts a detailed medical history inquiry and initial examinations such as auscultation. Patients typically experience sudden or specific episodes of shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. On lung auscultation, wheezing sounds and abnormally prolonged expiratory phases may be detected.

2. Bronchial Provocation Test

Patients with the aforementioned condition usually show a positive result when undergoing this test.

3. Allergen Testing

This procedure not only helps identify the exact triggers of the condition but also aids in formulating more effective subsequent treatment and prevention strategies.

II. Nursing Measures

1. Emotional Stabilization

If patients are experiencing negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, or irritability, the frequency and severity of asthma attacks may increase.

2. Avoidance of Allergens

Patients with allergic predispositions should avoid allergens as much as possible to prevent recurrent episodes of the disease.

3. Maintaining Balanced Nutrition

In daily dietary management, emphasis on supplementing nutrients such as vitamins and minerals can enhance immunity and reduce the risk of asthma attacks.