What does the presence of multinucleated giant cells in pathology mean?

The presence of multinucleated giant cells in pathology indicates that the body is in a pathological state, which may be associated with chronic inflammation, foreign body stimulation, tumors, and other factors.

1. Chronic Inflammation

Multinucleated giant cells can be observed in certain chronic inflammatory tissues, leading to local granuloma formation. This is primarily caused by inflammatory stimuli. Under medical guidance, patients may take heat-clearing and detoxifying medications such as Compound Honeysuckle Granules or Lianqiao Baidu Pills, as well as anti-swelling and dampness-resolving drugs like Furosemide Tablets or Torasemide Tablets for treatment.

2. Foreign Body Stimulation

Multinucleated giant cells are also commonly found around large indigestible foreign bodies—such as surgical sutures, asbestos fibers—and metabolic products like uric acid crystals in gout. Numerous macrophages surround the irritant and fuse together, forming a large phagosome composed of multiple macrophage membranes enclosing the irritant, with nuclei scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the giant cell. It is recommended to undergo prompt surgical intervention under medical guidance to prevent disease progression and adverse outcomes.

3. Tumors

Multinucleated giant cells typically form when macrophages surround metabolic deposits or foreign substances. However, they can also appear in neoplastic conditions, particularly bone tumors. The multinucleated giant cells seen in giant cell tumors of bone represent neoplastic variants of osteoclasts. If bone destruction is not severe, curettage followed by bone cement packing and internal fixation may be performed. In cases of severe bone damage, joint replacement surgery may be recommended under medical supervision.

In addition, multinucleated giant cells may also be associated with cancer. Patients are advised to maintain a balanced and nutritious diet in daily life, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and maintain good personal hygiene.