Why are children prone to heatstroke?

Children may be prone to heatstroke due to physiological factors such as age and high activity levels, or due to pathological conditions such as hyperthyroidism, which require appropriate treatment.

1. Age

A child's thermoregulatory center is not yet fully developed, with a relatively large body surface area, less subcutaneous fat, and underdeveloped sweat gland function, making them more susceptible to high temperatures. Avoid prolonged outdoor activities during hot weather, especially at noon.

2. High Activity Levels

In summer, high ambient temperatures combined with intense physical activity in children can lead to excessive sweating, resulting in loss of body fluids and electrolytes, thereby causing heatstroke. It is recommended to provide sufficient fluids, such as cool water or electrolyte-containing beverages, and avoid excessive consumption of coffee, tea, and carbonated drinks.

3. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a systemic hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones. Symptoms such as heat intolerance and excessive sweating are characteristic of hyperthyroidism and may also predispose individuals to heatstroke. Treatment may include medications such as propylthiouracil tablets, methimazole tablets, or carbimazole tablets, taken under a doctor’s guidance.

Additionally, congenital heart disease could also be a contributing factor. It is advisable to dress children in breathable, lightweight, and loose-fitting clothing, avoiding tight or heavy garments. If a child shows signs of heatstroke, immediately move them to a cool, shaded area. Seek prompt medical attention if symptoms are severe.