Is excitability high or low in hypokalemia?

　　Hypokalemia refers to low blood potassium levels, which generally leads to decreased excitability.

　　Hypokalemia reduces cellular excitability, while hyperkalemia increases it. This is because potassium ions play an important role in nerve and muscle cells, influencing the stability and excitability of cell membranes. Low potassium levels reduce the stability of cell membranes, thereby decreasing the excitability of nerve and muscle cells. In contrast, high potassium levels increase membrane stability, resulting in heightened cellular excitability.

　　Hypokalemia can decrease muscle excitability, manifesting as difficulty breathing, paralysis of the limbs, and impaired memory and orientation. Treatment may include medications such as potassium chloride tablets or potassium chloride sustained-release tablets under medical supervision. Hypokalemia can also lead to reduced glucose tolerance and negatively affect growth and development. Timely potassium supplementation is essential; potassium citrate granules may be taken under medical guidance to restore potassium balance in the blood.

　　Patients are advised to avoid foods high in carbohydrates, such as rice, noodles, and bread, and to minimize intake of sweets and sugary foods.