What is sodium monofluorophosphate?

Sodium monofluorophosphate is a chemical substance.

Sodium monofluorophosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na₂PO₃F. It appears as a white powder that is soluble in water and acids but insoluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. Sodium monofluorophosphate is a commonly used dental material widely incorporated into oral hygiene products such as toothpaste and mouthwash to prevent dental caries and periodontal diseases. It helps inhibit bacterial growth in the mouth and reduces the formation of dental plaque, thereby protecting dental health. Additionally, sodium monofluorophosphate promotes the remineralization of tooth enamel, enhancing its acid resistance and hardness, thus helping prevent the development of cavities.

However, prolonged use of fluoride-containing toothpaste or consumption of water containing sodium monofluorophosphate may lead to its deposition on teeth, causing enamel hypoplasia and resulting in chalky white or brown spots—commonly known as dental fluorosis. This condition often affects multiple teeth, and affected teeth may experience sensitivity or pain when exposed to hot or cold stimuli. Long-term accumulation of sodium monofluorophosphate in the body may also potentially cause fluorosis, leading to dental deformities, softening of teeth, loss of enamel luster, yellowish-brown discoloration, and in severe cases, incomplete tooth development and loss of normal tooth structure.

If conditions such as dental caries or dentin hypersensitivity are present, toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate may be used appropriately under medical guidance, but long-term use is not recommended.