What causes dandruff on the scalp?

Having snow-like flakes on the head usually refers to dandruff, which consists of small white or yellowish particles formed by the shedding of the outermost layer of scalp skin. Dandruff can result from various causes, including incomplete shampooing, dry scalp, excessive scalp oil, and other factors, so a specific analysis based on individual circumstances is generally needed.

1. Incomplete shampooing

Incomplete rinsing after shampooing may leave residues such as shampoo on the scalp, irritating it and causing dandruff. Switching to an anti-dandruff, oil-controlling shampoo and thoroughly rinsing off all foam during hair washing can help eliminate dandruff.

2. Dry scalp

A dry scalp tends to produce dandruff because the rate of keratinocyte shedding increases. Under medical guidance, topical use of shampoos such as ketoconazole or selenium sulfide may be recommended.

3. Excessive scalp oil

Overproduction of sebum by the scalp can also lead to dandruff, as excess oil may clog hair follicles and impair scalp health. Under a doctor's supervision, medications such as Compound Xuanju Capsules or Jin Kui Shen Qi Pills may be taken for treatment.

Besides the above factors, scalp infections—such as fungal or bacterial infections—can also cause dandruff. If you notice flaking resembling snow, it is advisable to visit a hospital promptly for examination and diagnosis by a qualified physician, who can then develop an appropriate treatment plan based on your condition. Additionally, maintaining scalp cleanliness, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding excessive use of hair dryers can also help improve dandruff problems.