What does it mean when a woman's urine has bubbles?

In general, foamy urine in women may be caused by concentrated urine, urinary tract infection, cystitis, nephritis, diabetes, or other reasons. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention at a hospital to determine the underlying cause and receive targeted treatment. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Concentrated Urine

If daily water intake is too low or excessive sweating occurs, it may lead to urine concentration, increasing the levels of protein and other components in the urine, resulting in foam. This condition usually does not require special treatment—simply drinking more water is sufficient.

2. Urinary Tract Infection

Unprotected intercourse or poor genital hygiene may allow bacteria to enter the urethra and cause a urinary tract infection. This can increase protein excretion in the urine, leading to abnormal urination, often accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and painful urination. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, or amoxicillin capsules may be used to eliminate the infection and relieve discomfort.

3. Cystitis

When the bladder becomes inflamed due to infection by Escherichia coli, the urine may contain large numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells, or even secretions. These substances alter the physical properties of urine and change its surface tension, causing foamy urine along with symptoms like dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Under medical supervision, anti-infective therapy may include medications such as amoxicillin capsules, levofloxacin capsules, or penicillin V potassium tablets.

4. Nephritis

When the kidneys are damaged by infections such as tuberculosis bacilli, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or other viruses and bacteria, kidney function may be impaired, leading to increased protein in the urine and causing foamy urine. This may also be accompanied by body swelling and elevated blood pressure. Under a doctor’s direction, medications such as compound cyclophosphamide tablets, tacrolimus capsules, or cyclosporine capsules may be used to reduce the formation of inflammatory mediators and suppress inflammatory responses.

5. Diabetes

Prolonged high blood glucose levels can damage small arteries and microvessels in the kidneys, impairing glomerular filtration function and allowing proteins to leak into the urine, altering its appearance. Symptoms may also include increased appetite, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Based on medical advice, drugs such as metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, acarbose tablets, glibenclamide tablets, or glimepiride capsules may be prescribed to regulate blood sugar and improve disease outcomes.

In daily life, it is advisable to drink plenty of water and avoid greasy, spicy, and irritating foods, which may help lower uric acid levels. Additionally, if any of the above symptoms occur, it is recommended to visit a hospital for evaluation, undergo necessary examinations as directed by a physician, and follow medical advice for treatment.