What should women be wary of with long-term bad breath?

Women with long-term bad breath should be cautious of both non-disease and disease-related causes. Disease-related causes are commonly seen in conditions such as dental caries and gingivitis, which require examination and treatment at a dental clinic. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Non-disease-related causes

Poor daily oral hygiene can lead to food particles and bacteria accumulating between teeth, fermenting over time and causing bad breath. Symptoms generally improve with proper oral hygiene.

2. Disease-related causes

1) Dental caries

Cavities caused by tooth decay create holes that trap large amounts of food debris and soft plaque, producing foul-smelling metabolic substances under the action of putrefactive bacteria. Mouthwash may help, but it's best to visit a hospital for dental filling or root canal treatment.

2) Gingivitis

Gingivitis leads to bad breath due to irritation from dental plaque and tartar buildup. Under medical guidance, medications such as metronidazole tablets or amoxicillin capsules may be taken to relieve symptoms.

In addition, periodontitis could also be a cause. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular tooth brushing are important. If symptoms persist, it's necessary to visit a dental department at a hospital to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.