What is an atrial septal defect?

Atrial septal defect is one of the more common congenital heart diseases in adults. The specific analysis is as follows:

The atrial septum is the partitioning tissue between the left and right atria. During cardiac development, various factors may lead to abnormalities in the formation, absorption, or fusion of the atrial septum, resulting in a persistent opening between the two atria. Atrial septal defects account for approximately 10% of all congenital heart diseases and are relatively common among adults with congenital heart conditions.

In children, atrial septal defects usually do not cause obvious symptoms. As patients age, symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, palpitations, and arrhythmias may develop. When these symptoms occur, prompt medical evaluation is necessary. Diagnostic tests including electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray imaging, and echocardiography help guide targeted treatment. Once diagnosed, atrial septal defects are typically treated surgically, such as via atrial septal defect repair.

With timely and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for atrial septal defect is generally favorable. However, if left untreated, increased volume or pressure load on the right heart may eventually lead to right heart failure.