What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Sliding hiatal hernia usually refers to the sliding movement of abdominal pressure caused by relaxation of the phrenoesophageal ligament and enlargement of the esophageal hiatus, as detailed below:

Sliding hiatal hernia, also known as sliding type hiatal hernia, generally occurs due to a widened esophagus or a loose phrenoesophageal ligament, which allows gastric distension to move up and down with changes in abdominal pressure, leading to the development of a hiatal hernia. Most patients may experience symptoms such as gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Normally, there is a muscular structure called the diaphragm separating the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. The esophagus passes through this diaphragm to enter the stomach, and the opening formed at this site is called the esophageal hiatus. With aging and other factors, the esophageal hiatus may gradually enlarge and become lax. When conditions such as coughing or straining occur, intra-abdominal pressure can increase significantly. This may cause part of the stomach to protrude upward into the chest cavity, forming a hernia sac—a condition described above. Treatment for sliding hiatal hernia should be individualized based on the patient's specific condition, and may include endoscopic procedures or surgical removal of the hernia sac under medical guidance.

Patients are advised to maintain a balanced diet in daily life and avoid overeating, as this could worsen their condition.