What are the causes of excessive amniotic fluid?

Generally, polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid) may be associated with multiple pregnancies, gestational diabetes, fetal abnormalities, and other causes. It is important to seek timely medical evaluation at a hospital to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment based on the specific condition. The details are as follows:

1. Multiple Pregnancy

In twin pregnancies, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) may occur, where blood vessels between the twins become connected. If one twin has lower blood volume, the other may have excessive blood volume, leading to increased urine production and consequently excessive amniotic fluid. Consuming diuretic foods such as winter melon and white radish may help promote urination and reduce amniotic fluid levels.

2. Gestational Diabetes

Polyhydramnios can result from gestational diabetes. Poorly controlled blood glucose during pregnancy leads to hyperosmolar diuresis, causing the fetus to produce excess urine in the uterus, thereby increasing amniotic fluid volume. Adjusting diet and increasing physical activity can help regulate blood sugar levels and maintain them within the normal range, reducing the risk of polyhydramnios. When necessary, insulin therapy may be administered under a doctor's guidance.

3. Fetal Malformations

Fetal structural abnormalities can also lead to excessive amniotic fluid. Prompt medical evaluation is essential. Once a fetal malformation is confirmed, a treatment plan should be developed based on the type and severity of the anomaly, as well as whether chromosomal abnormalities are present. Close cooperation with healthcare providers is crucial. In cases such as anencephaly, induction of labor is recommended to terminate the pregnancy.

Besides the above, polyhydramnios may also be caused by maternal infection with cytomegalovirus or other infectious agents. Timely medical consultation and appropriate management are strongly advised.