What causes pain and swelling in the calf?

Calf pain and swelling may be caused by physiological factors, or by pathological factors such as trauma or calcium deficiency. A detailed analysis is as follows:

I. Physiological Factors

Engaging in intense physical exercise or heavy physical labor within a short period of time can lead to excessive accumulation of lactic acid in the calf muscles, resulting in symptoms such as swelling and soreness. These symptoms typically improve with adequate rest.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Trauma

When the lower leg experiences external impact, soft tissue injury in the calf area may easily occur, causing swelling and pain. Within the first 72 hours after injury, cold compresses can help constrict blood vessels and reduce swelling and discomfort. After 72 hours, heat application can promote local blood circulation and accelerate absorption of hematomas. Under medical guidance, medications such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, or celecoxib tablets may also be taken to relieve inflammation and pain and improve symptoms.

2. Calcium Deficiency

When the body lacks calcium, neuromuscular excitability increases, which may lead to muscle cramps and aching sensations in the calves, especially after exposure to cold. It is recommended to supplement calcium under medical supervision using medications such as calcium gluconate tablets, calcium carbonate D3 tablets, or vitamin D capsules to enhance calcium absorption and alleviate symptoms.

In addition, calf pain and swelling could also result from conditions such as lumbar disc herniation, lower extremity varicose veins, or peripheral vascular occlusion. Patients are advised to visit a hospital for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause.