What causes the fetal head not to descend?

Fetal head not descending may be caused by factors such as fetal macrosomia, pelvic narrowing, or abnormal fetal position. The specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Fetal Macrosomia

When the fetus is too large in weight, the head may also be oversized. If it exceeds the capacity of the birth canal, the fetal head cannot descend smoothly through the pelvis, resulting in failure of head descent. In such cases, cesarean section should be considered at a hospital to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

2. Pelvic Narrowing

Pelvic narrowing restricts the space required for the fetus to pass through the birth canal, preventing the fetal head from moving down into a lower position and increasing the risk of difficult labor. If delivery has not yet begun, it is advisable to prepare in advance for a cesarean section. If already in labor, doctors may use instruments such as vacuum extractors or forceps to assist with delivery.

3. Abnormal Fetal Position

An abnormal fetal position can cause misalignment between the fetal head and the birth canal, making passage difficult and leading to failure of head descent. Medical intervention by a professional doctor at a hospital is required to manually correct the fetal position.

In addition, other possible causes include polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid), oligohydramnios (insufficient amniotic fluid), improper maternal posture, or placental abruption. It is recommended to consult a professional physician at a hospital for proper evaluation and management.