How is kidney stone lithotripsy performed?
May 13, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Mingchuan
Introduction
In general, kidney stone fragmentation can be performed using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or ureteroscopic lithotripsy, with specific procedures determined by the chosen surgical method. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uses externally generated shock waves that are focused to break up stones inside the body, allowing the fragments to pass out with urine. It is generally suitable for kidney stones with a diameter less than or equal to 2 cm.
In general, kidney stone fragmentation can be performed using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The specific procedure depends on the chosen surgical method. Details are as follows:
1. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uses externally generated shock waves that are focused to break up stones inside the body, allowing the fragments to pass out with urine. This method is generally suitable for kidney stones with a diameter less than or equal to 2 cm.
2. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy involves inserting a nephroscope through a small tract from the skin into the kidney to fragment and remove stones. It is typically used for kidney stones larger than 2 cm in diameter.
3. Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy
Ureteroscopic lithotripsy uses a thin scope about 3 mm in diameter, inserted through the urethra into the ureter. With the aid of stone fragmentation devices, the stones are broken up and removed. This method is generally suitable for patients with kidney stones smaller than 2 cm in diameter who have difficulty undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
In addition, patients should drink plenty of water, urinate frequently, and avoid alcohol consumption. Patients are advised to choose an appropriate treatment method under the guidance of a physician.
