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Is vaginitis a fungal infection?

May 14, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Vaginitis may be caused by fungal infections, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis. It can also result from infections by other pathogens, such as trichomonas infection (trichomonal vaginitis), bacterial infection (bacterial vaginosis), atrophic vaginitis, infantile vaginitis, allergic vaginitis, etc., which are not caused by fungal infections. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention at a hospital gynecology department and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment.

Vaginitis may be caused by vulvovaginal candidiasis, or it could result from infections by other pathogens, such as trichomonas vaginitis or bacterial vaginosis. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

The main causative agent is Candida albicans, a type of fungus that normally resides in the vagina in small amounts and typically does not cause inflammatory reactions. When overall or local vaginal immunity decreases or the microbial balance is disrupted, Candida can multiply excessively and invade tissues, leading to inflammation. Common symptoms include vulvovaginal itching, increased vaginal discharge, a burning sensation in the vulva, and dyspareunia (pain during intercourse). It is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene and use clotrimazole suppositories or nystatin suppositories as prescribed. In some cases, oral fluconazole tablets may also be needed.

2. Trichomonas Vaginitis

This is a vaginal infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and is a common sexually transmitted disease in clinical practice. It is not caused by fungal infection and therefore should not be treated with antifungal medications. Commonly used treatments include metronidazole suppositories and metronidazole vaginal effervescent tablets. Oral medications include metronidazole tablets and tinidazole tablets.

3. Bacterial Vaginosis

This condition results from bacterial infection and is unrelated to fungal infection. Imbalance of the vaginal flora disrupts the normal acidic environment, allowing overgrowth of harmful microorganisms and causing inflammation. Treatment primarily involves restoring normal vaginal flora and using antibiotics, such as Lactobacillus vaginal capsules, metronidazole vaginal suppositories, clindamycin cream, and oral metronidazole tablets.

In addition, other types such as atrophic vaginitis, infantile vaginitis, and allergic vaginitis are also not caused by fungal infections. If any related discomfort occurs, it is advisable to seek timely evaluation at a hospital's gynecology department to identify the causative agent and receive targeted, physician-guided treatment based on the underlying cause.


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