What causes lumps in blood vessels after intravenous injection?

Hard lumps after intravenous injection may result from factors such as infusion being too fast, puncture injury, local compression, folliculitis, or phlebitis. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician.

1. Infusion Too Fast

If the intravenous injection speed is too rapid, medications enter the bloodstream quickly, causing blood vessel dilation and resulting in hard lumps. Slowing down the infusion rate or changing the injection site, along with enhanced care, can help alleviate this condition.

2. Puncture Injury

Venipuncture may damage the blood vessel wall, allowing blood to leak into surrounding tissues and form a hematoma, which can later organize into a hard lump. Immediately applying pressure to the puncture site after injection can prevent bleeding. Early cold compresses help reduce leakage, while later warm compresses promote absorption of the hematoma.

3. Local Compression

Excessive or prolonged pressure at the injection site can impair local blood circulation, leading to blood stasis and formation of hard lumps. Proper duration and pressure should be applied during compression. Once a lump forms, gentle massage may help improve blood flow.

4. Folliculitis

Folliculitis is a common skin inflammation that may be caused by inappropriate disinfectants used during injection or excessively thick needles. It leads to inflamed, red, swollen, and painful skin, forming hard lumps. Under medical supervision, topical medications such as erythromycin ointment or mometasone furoate cream can be used to relieve symptoms.

5. Phlebitis

Phlebitis is an inflammatory condition within veins, possibly caused by improper injection techniques or inadequate cleanliness of the venous access site. Inflammation can lead to thrombus formation within the vein, resulting in hard lumps. Under a doctor's guidance, oral antibiotics such as amoxicillin capsules or erythromycin capsules may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms.

In daily life, it is advisable to maintain good skin hygiene and adhere to standardized injection procedures to minimize the risk of developing hard lumps.