What are the main manifestations of chronic kidney injury?

Chronic kidney injury, also known as chronic kidney failure, presents differently depending on its stage and is mainly classified into three phases: early, middle, and late stages. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Early Stage

In the early stage, patients may experience glomerular filtration and metabolic disturbances. Symptoms can be asymptomatic or include backache, increased urine output, and in some cases, loss of appetite and mild anemia.

2. Middle Stage

Symptoms from the early stage worsen, and patients may develop electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia or hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis. These changes can lead to symptoms including dizziness, swelling (edema), nausea, and vomiting.

3. Late Stage

If chronic kidney failure is not treated promptly, toxic substances accumulate in the patient's blood, leading to uremia, central nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, and other complications. This results in symptoms such as fatigue, slowed reaction time, muscle weakness, and twitching.

When chronic kidney failure occurs, timely medical treatment is essential to prevent progression and further damage to the body.