What enzyme is deficient in high uric acid levels?

Under normal circumstances, high uric acid levels are caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called uricase. The specific details are as follows:

Uric acid is a metabolic byproduct generated during the body's metabolic processes and is typically metabolized and excreted by the liver and kidneys. Normally, the production and excretion of uric acid remain in balance, maintaining an appropriate concentration of uric acid in the blood. However, when uricase is deficient, uric acid metabolism becomes impaired, leading to elevated uric acid levels that may even exceed saturation concentrations. This can result in the deposition of urate crystals in joints, triggering inflammatory responses and conditions such as gout. Uricase deficiency may be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations, medication use, and exposure to chemical pollutants. Certain diseases—such as primary hyperuricemia, kidney disease, and metabolic disorders—may also lead to uricase deficiency and subsequent hyperuricemia. Treatment options for high uric acid include pharmacological therapy and dietary management. Pharmacological treatments mainly include drugs such as furosemide tablets and torasemide tablets. Dietary management involves limiting intake of high-purine foods, increasing consumption of vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy products, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption.

In summary, high uric acid results from a metabolic abnormality due to the lack of uricase, making individuals susceptible to conditions like hyperuricemia and gout. If patients experience any discomfort or symptoms, they should seek medical treatment at a hospital as soon as possible.