What does it mean if a child has high peroxidase antibodies, and what should be done?

Generally, elevated anti-peroxidase antibodies in children may be caused by immune factors, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, or immune hemolytic anemia. Treatment should be tailored according to the specific condition. Details are as follows:

1. Immune Factors

Children's immune systems differ from those of adults. Elevated anti-peroxidase antibodies may result from immune-related causes. If there are no symptoms, treatment is usually unnecessary—regular observation is sufficient.

2. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

This is a disease caused by the immune system attacking thyroid tissue. It typically develops slowly and presents with thyroid enlargement that feels firm upon palpation but is painless. Patients are advised to take medications such as prednisone tablets or levothyroxine sodium tablets as prescribed. In severe cases, surgical treatment at a reputable hospital may be required.

3. Subacute Thyroiditis

A common clinical type of non-bacterial thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis often resolves spontaneously. It is primarily triggered by inflammatory stimulation, with sudden onset characterized by fever, chills, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Symptomatic treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac potassium tablets or aspirin tablets may be administered as directed by a physician.

4. Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

A common autoimmune thyroid disorder, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is marked by the presence of antibodies against thyroid antigens in the serum and thyroid tissue, leading to elevated anti-peroxidase antibodies. Patients are advised to take thyroid tablets, levothyroxine sodium tablets, or similar medications as prescribed.

5. Immune Hemolytic Anemia

An autoimmune disorder in which the body produces excessive anti-peroxidase antibodies. Patients are advised to take medications such as dexamethasone acetate tablets or prednisolone tablets as prescribed. In some cases, splenectomy may be necessary.

In addition, other conditions such as hypothyroidism or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may also be responsible. It is recommended that patients seek timely medical attention when experiencing any discomfort to avoid delays in treatment.