Is an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level of 3.48 ng/mL normal?

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) at 3.48 ng/mL is within the normal range, as the normal reference range for AFP is 0–5 ng/mL. Detailed analysis is as follows:

The normal range for alpha-fetoprotein is 0–5 ng/mL. Based on this reference range, an AFP level of 3.48 ng/mL is generally considered normal. However, it should be noted that the normal range for AFP levels may vary depending on factors such as age, sex, pregnancy status, and liver function. Although an AFP level of 3.48 ng/mL falls within the normal range, elevated AFP levels can still occur in patients with malignant tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, gallbladder cancer, or bile duct cancer, as well as in individuals with liver diseases including cirrhosis, hepatitis, or chronic liver disease.

If AFP test results exceed the normal range, further diagnostic evaluations are necessary to determine the underlying cause and initiate appropriate treatment. Additionally, AFP levels alone cannot be used to definitively diagnose any specific disease; a comprehensive assessment must include other test results and the patient's medical history.