How is a tubal ligation performed for hydrosalpinx?

Generally, tubal ligation for hydrosalpinx, also known as tubal sterilization, is a gynecological procedure used to treat hydrosalpinx and prevent the union of egg and sperm. The specific surgical steps are as follows:

1. After administering general anesthesia, the patient is placed in a supine position with knees flexed to facilitate surgical access.

2. Following completion of anesthesia, the abdominal area is routinely disinfected and draped.

3. A 2–3 cm vertical incision is made 4 cm above the pubic symphysis in the lower midline of the abdomen. The skin and subcutaneous tissues are incised layer by layer to enter the abdominal cavity.

4. A fallopian tube grasping forceps is guided posteriorly along the fundus of the uterus toward one side until reaching the ovary or fallopian tube, then the fallopian tube is lifted out.

5. The mesosalpinx is grasped with toothed forceps and traced back to the fimbriated end to confirm the identity of the fallopian tube, and the ovary is examined.

6. The serosal layer on the dorsal aspect of the isthmic portion of the fallopian tube is incised. Approximately 2 cm of the tubal segment is dissected free. The distal and proximal ends are clamped, and the intervening 1–1.5 cm of the fallopian tube is excised.

7. The cut ends are ligated, and the serosal layer is sutured over them. The proximal tubal stump is secured within the mesosalpinx, while the distal end is ligated and left within the abdominal cavity.

8. After completion of ligation, the abdominal incision is sutured closed.

It should be noted that the exact procedural steps for tubal ligation in cases of hydrosalpinx may vary depending on individual patient conditions and surgeon preference. If this surgery is required, it is recommended to seek treatment at a reputable medical facility and undergo the procedure under the guidance of qualified physicians to minimize surgical risks.